Ranked-choice voting ballot measures

Issues
Measures by topic
Measures by year
Measures by state

As a state ballot measure topic, ranked-choice voting includes measures regarding ranked-choice voting (RCV), including adopting, repealing, or prohibiting RCV. It is also known as instant-runoff voting. The topic is grouped within the election policy area.

RCV is an electoral system in which voters rank candidates on their ballots. You can learn more about ranked-choice voting systems and policies here.

This page provides information on:

• upcoming ballot measures,
• historical trends, and
• a comprehensive list of ballot measures by year and state.

Upcoming ballot measures

See also: 2025 ballot measures and 2026 ballot measures

The following is a list of state ballot measures related to ranked-choice voting certified for this year and future elections:

There are no ballot measures related to this topic that have qualified for the ballot.

History of ranked-choice voting (RCV) ballot measures

See also: History of ranked-choice voting (RCV) ballot measures

As of 2025, voters in eight states had decided on 12 state ballot measures related to ranked-choice voting.

• Ten (83.3%) were to adopt RCV, and two (16.7%) were to repeal or preempt RCV.
• The average vote on a ballot measure to adopt RCV was 45.7% to 54.3%.
• Alaska had three ballot measures about RCV, the most relative to other states.
• The ballot measure with the narrowest margin was Alaska Ballot Measure 2 in 2024, which received 49.9% of the vote. Ballot Measure 2 would have repealed the state's top-four RCV system, adopted two years earlier.
• The ballot measure with the widest margin was Idaho Proposition 1, which was defeated, with 69.6% voting against the initiative. Proposition 1 would have enacted a top-four RCV system in Idaho.

The following table provides a list of state ranked-choice voting (RCV) ballot measures:

State	Year	Type	Measure	Position	Yes	No	Outcome
Alaska	2024	Initiative	Ballot Measure 2: Repeal Top-Four RCV Initiative	Anti-RCV	49.88%	50.12%	d
Colorado	2024	Initiative	Proposition 131: Top-Four RCV Initiative	Pro-RCV	46.47%	53.53%	d
Idaho	2024	Initiative	Proposition 1: Top-Four RCV Initiative	Pro-RCV	30.38%	69.62%	d
Missouri	2024	Referral	Amendment 7: Require Citizenship to Vote and Prohibit RCV Amendment	Anti-RCV	68.44%	31.56%	a
Nevada	2024	Initiative	Question 3: Top-Five RCV Initiative	Pro-RCV	47.04%	52.96%	d
Oregon	2024	Referral	Measure 117: RCV for Federal and State Elections Measure	Pro-RCV	42.30%	57.70%	d
Nevada	2022	Initiative	Question 3: Top-Five RCV Initiative	Pro-RCV	52.94%	47.06%	a
Alaska	2020	Initiative	Ballot Measure 2: Top-Four RCV and Campaign Finance Laws Initiative	Pro-RCV	50.55%	49.45%	a
Massachusetts	2020	Initiative	Question 2: RCV Initiative	Pro-RCV	45.22%	54.78%	d
Maine	2018	Initiative	Question 1: Overturn RCV Delayed Enactment and Automatic Repeal Legislation Referendum	Pro-RCV	53.88%	46.12%	a
Maine	2016	Initiative	Question 5: RCV Initiative	Pro-RCV	52.12%	47.88%	a
Alaska	2002	Initiative	Ballot Measure 1: RCV Initiative	Pro-RCV	36.27%	63.73%	d

List of ballot measures

Click the tabs to view state ballot measures related to ranked-choice voting, organized by year or state.

Year

State

2024

1. Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Repeal Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)
2. Arizona Proposition 140, Single Primary for All Candidates and Possible RCV General Election Initiative (2024)
3. Colorado Proposition 131, Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)
4. Idaho Proposition 1, Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)
5. Missouri Amendment 7, Require Citizenship to Vote and Prohibit Ranked-Choice Voting Amendment (2024)
6. Montana CI-127, Majority Vote Required to Win Elections Initiative (2024)
7. Nevada Question 3, Top-Five Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)
8. Oregon Measure 117, Ranked-Choice Voting for Federal and State Elections Measure (2024)

2022

1. Nevada Question 3, Top-Five Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2022)

2020

1. Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting and Campaign Finance Laws Initiative (2020)
2. Massachusetts Question 2, Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2020)

2018

1. Maine Question 1, Ranked-Choice Voting Delayed Enactment and Automatic Repeal Referendum (June 2018)

2016

1. Maine Question 5, Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2016)

2002

1. Alaska Ballot Measure 1, Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (August 2002)

1908

1. Oregon Measure Nos. 328-329, Allow for Alternative Methods for Electing Officials Initiative (June 1908)

Alaska

1. Alaska Ballot Measure 1, Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (August 2002)
2. Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Repeal Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)
3. Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting and Campaign Finance Laws Initiative (2020)

Arizona

1. Arizona Proposition 140, Single Primary for All Candidates and Possible RCV General Election Initiative (2024)

Colorado

1. Colorado Proposition 131, Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)

Idaho

1. Idaho Proposition 1, Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)

Maine

1. Maine Question 1, Ranked-Choice Voting Delayed Enactment and Automatic Repeal Referendum (June 2018)
2. Maine Question 5, Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2016)

Massachusetts

1. Massachusetts Question 2, Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2020)

Missouri

1. Missouri Amendment 7, Require Citizenship to Vote and Prohibit Ranked-Choice Voting Amendment (2024)

Montana

1. Montana CI-127, Majority Vote Required to Win Elections Initiative (2024)

Nevada

1. Nevada Question 3, Top-Five Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2022)
2. Nevada Question 3, Top-Five Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)

Oregon

1. Oregon Measure 117, Ranked-Choice Voting for Federal and State Elections Measure (2024)
2. Oregon Measure Nos. 328-329, Allow for Alternative Methods for Electing Officials Initiative (June 1908)

See also

• List of ballot measures by topic